Vocab

Accessible: Something that is able to be used by everyone despite physical or mental disabilities. 

Adaptive Equipment: This is any tool that can be used to help with daily tasks, typically for those with long-term disabilities.

Alexithymia:  an inability to identify and describe emotions. People with alexithymia have difficulties recognizing and communicating their own emotions, and they also struggle to recognize and respond to emotions in others.

Articulation: This is the ability to produce sounds, syllables, and words to form understandable sentences. People with an articulation disorder typically cannot produce specific sounds or words which can result in difficulty to understand them. This can affect their ability to communicate, socialize, and often cause stress.

Apert Syndrome: The official name is Acrocephalosyndactyly, a genetic disorder that can cause the skull, hands, bones of the feet to fuse, and have deformities in the skull or limbs. Once someone who is diagnosed with Apert Syndrome is past childhood and does not have a heart defect can have a near-normal life expectancy. Furthermore, not all people with this diagnosis have reduced IQ, but about 70% have a lower-than-average IQ score. 

Assistive Care: being given assistance with daily activities such as but not limited to daily tasks, medication support, and health support.

Assistive Technology: Items that are used to improve the functional use of an item such as alternate controllers or specialized software for people with mental or physical disabilities.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): This is a condition that is typically found in childhood and continues into adult life. this mental condition causes difficulty with maintaining concentration with daily tasks or projects and sometimes presenting in hyperactive behavior. 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can be disruptive and interfere with daily activities such as school, work, and social relationships.

Inattention symptoms may include difficulty staying focused on tasks, forgetfulness, and distractibility. Hyperactivity symptoms may include restlessness, fidgeting, and an inability to stay seated. Impulsivity symptoms may include interrupting others, difficulty waiting for one's turn, and acting without consequences is typically diagnosed into adulthood, with symptoms often varying in severity over time. The exact causes of ADHD are not yet fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Treatment for ADHD may include medication, behavioral therapy, and accommodations such as classroom modifications or workplace accommodations. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

Auditory Memory: This is when people are able to recall things that are heard both long-term and short-term. Such as remembering people's names, phone numbers, multi-step instructions, etc. 

An auditory memory disorder is known as auditory processing disorder (APD). This is when the person has difficulty understanding certain sounds including spoken words.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder that is caused by many reasons. It affects a person's social skills, communication, learning, and behavior. Most cases are diagnosed at a young age however a diagnosis can come at any point in life. 

Autism is a large spectrum and not all people with the disability have the same symptoms ranging from low levels of support needed to high support needed.

Caregiver: A person who provides care to an individual that requires it to live a more productive daily life.

Cerebral Palsy: CP is a condition that is caused by damage to the brain before or after birth. This condition/disability impairs muscle coordination and can be identified by spasitic movements or paralysis. CP weakens the muscles over time and oftentimes can lead to the individual needing the assistance of a chair.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): CBT will usually involve work to change a person's thinking pattern such as identifying problems and being aware of negative thoughts, setting goals, distinguishing between negative and realistic thoughts, etc.

Community Participation Supports (CPS): A service that assists the participant to be a part of the community by participating in activities that include people without disabilities and that are not caretakers/being paid.

Community Living Waiver (CLW): 

Companion Services: A service for participants who need assistance/supervision from someone for their health and safety.

Comorbidity: A patient who is diagnosed with two or more medical conditions at the same time. 

Ex: Down Syndrome and Diabetes

Consolidated Waiver: 

Convulsion: When there is a sudden movement of the body caused by the involuntary contraction of muscles. This is commonly seen in epilepsy disorders. 

Developmental Delay: When the development of a child slows, delays, stops, or reverses compared to other children's development. It can be noticed through the childs motor, cognitive, social, and emotional skills. 

Examples include Cerebral Palsy, Autism, Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and more.

Developmental Disability: This can range among a number of conditions and impairs the physical, learning, language, or behavior/social areas of a person's life. Developmental disabilities range in severity to how it impacts everyday life throughout their lifetime and their level of independence.

Direct Support Professional (DSP): A trained individual who assist, support, and advocate for people with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities in their daily life to be involved in their community and/or their employment.

Interested in becoming a direct support professional? Check out our careers here

Discrete Trial: This is a type of training that uses "discrete" methods to break down skills to be taught one by one like identifying colors and when the person (typically a child with IDD) identifies the correct color they are rewarded with something like a piece of candy but are not told that is what they are being rewarded for. 

Down Syndrome (DS): DS is a condition that is commonly caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. The condition has both cognitive and physical traits. Physically the person has a flattened skull, pronounced folds of the skin in the inner corners of the eyes, a larger tongue, and shorter than average stature. The cognitive affects the person's social, practical, vocal, and more. 

Echolalia: This is the unnecessary repetition of words that were spoken by another person. This can be associated with a number of conditions/disabilities such as Autism, Intellectual Disability, Language Delays, Tourrettes, etc.

Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a disorder where a person has 2 or more unprovoked seizures rather than one single occurrence.

An epileptic episode happens when nerve cells in the brain become disrupted causing a seizure. Epileptic seizures can begin occurring for a number of reasons such as genetics, prior brain injury or infection, prenatal injuries, or developmental disorders.

Epilepsy varies in severity for each situation. It can be the typical seizing that is commonly what is imagined when a person is on the ground shaking without control of their body or as small as the person looking confused or staring at something that isn't there.

Signs that a seizure could be coming are: staring, jerking of the body, body stiffening, losing consciousness, issues breathing or stopping completely, Losing control of bowls/bladder, falling for no reason, unresponsive to surrounding noises for periods of time, confusion, nodding the head continuously when losing consciousness, rapid eye movement/blinking for periods of time.

Executive Function: This is our ability to plan, focus, remember/understand instructions, and work on more tasks at the same time without failing. 

Expressive Language: This is how people express how they are feeling. Children or adults with an intellectual and/or developmental disability can struggle to express their emotions which can lead to more frustration. One method that is used to help is an emotion chart with icons to physically see the emotion and connect it with their own. 

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FSD): A syndrome that is developed in the womb due to the mother ingesting alcohol while pregnant. This can stunt the mental and physical development of the child and present physical characteristics in the skull and face.

Fragile X Syndrome: a genetic disorder that is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern resulting in a faulty gene on the X-chromosome. This leads to multiple possibilities like developmental delays, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, and other difficulties with social behavioral, and physical development. 

Fine Motor Skills: These skills are the movements of small muscles in places like the hands and wrists.

Gross Motor Skills: These are movements of bigger muscles like the arms, legs, or feet.

Hyperlexic: Hyperlexia is when children show advanced abilities that are beyond their age. 

Hypersensitivity: TO have a high sensitivity to certain textures, tastes, sounds, or substances/conditions. 

Hypertonia: To have an unusually high amount of muscle, tone, or tension in the body.

Hyposensitivity: To have a low sensitivity to textures, tastes, sounds, or substances/conditions. This typically also means the person typically does not react very much or at all to things that are stimulating to others. 

Imposter Syndrome: Imposter syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where individuals doubt their abilities and feel like they are frauds, even when they are actually skilled and competent. In the context of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), imposter syndrome can manifest as feelings of inadequacy and a belief that they do not belong in certain settings or roles, despite evidence to the contrary.

Many individuals with IDD face societal stigma and negative stereotypes that can contribute to feelings of imposter syndrome. They may internalize these messages and believe that they are not capable of achieving their goals or being successful in certain areas of life. This can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and a lack of confidence in their abilities.

It is important to recognize and address imposter syndrome in individuals with IDD, as it can have negative impacts on their mental health and overall well-being. Strategies for addressing imposter syndrome may include building self-confidence through positive reinforcement and celebrating successes, providing support and mentorship, and challenging negative self-talk and limiting beliefs. By addressing imposter syndrome, individuals with IDD can learn to recognize their strengths and abilities and feel more confident pursuing their goals.

Inclusion: Being included/involved in an activity or group.

Individualized Education Plan (IED): This is a plan built around the individual's education to ensure they receive instruction that works for them and their relative disability.

In-Home Community Supports: This service provides participants with assistance in maintaining and improving skills needed to live a more independent and sustainable life.

Kernicterus: This is a condition that affects the blood due to high levels of bilirubin in a baby's blood. This can lead to the baby developing cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and sometimes intellectual disabilities.

Language and Speech Disorders: These disorders are typically present in the younger years of a child and are when a child has difficulty with things such as forming or stuttering words. In most cases, this can be corrected in childhood with speech therapy. 

Learning Disorders: Learning disorders are cognitive impairments that affect a child's ability to learn despite having normal or above-average intelligence. Some symptoms of learning disorders include difficulty telling right from left, reversing letters, words, or numbers after first or second grade, and trouble remembering how things are spelled.

Meltdowns: These typically occur when there is an increase in stress or anxiety which can cause the person to become more agitated and lead to an aggressive panic attack.

Mental Age: A person's mental age is the level of their intellectual development compared to others who are of the same age. 

Muscular Dystrophy: This is a condition that is passed through genetics and causes muscles to weaken and waste away over time. This happens in disorders such as cerebral palsy.

Neurodivergent: People who are neurodivergent have differing mental or neurological functions from what is considered typical or normal. They may be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.

Neurotypical: Not showing signs or characteristics of autism or other neurologically atypical patterns of thought or behavior.

Non-Verbal Communicative: Nonverbal communication refers to the ways in which beings convey information about their emotions, needs, intentions, attitudes, and thoughts without the use of verbal language.

Person/Family Directed Supports Waiver (P/FDS): 

Proprioception: Awareness of one's body position and movement is known as proprioception.

Prader-Willi: Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a number of physical and mental problems. One symptom is extreme hunger which typically appears in children around the age of 2.

Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder that is inherited, phenylketonuria (PKU), causes brain and nerve damage if untreated.

caused by an amino acid called phenylalanine building up in the body. It is caused by a change in the gene responsible for creating an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine.

Receptive Language: Receptive language refers to how a child receives, decodes, and understands the language. Expressive language refers to how a child uses words to express himself/herself. Young children with language difficulties may have Poor eye contact; difficulty interacting with other children; and/or problems expressing themselves verbally.

Respite: Respite care provides short-term relief for family/primary caregivers of individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). Respite can be arranged for an afternoon or for several days or weeks. Care can be provided in the participant’s home, or in a host family home.

Rett's Disorder: Rett's disorder, also known as Rett syndrome, is a rare genetic neurological disorder that primarily affects females. It is caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene, which leads to a disruption in brain function and development. The disorder typically develops between 6-18 months of age and is characterized by a regression in skills that were previously acquired, such as hand movements, communication, and social interaction. Other symptoms of Rett's disorder include breathing difficulties, seizures, scoliosis, and gastrointestinal problems. Individuals with Rett's, although may retain skills There is no cure for Rett's disorder, treatment may medication management, physical therapy, and supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Seizure: A seizure is a sudden, abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, sensations, or consciousness. Seizures can occur as a result of various factors, such as epilepsy, head injury, brain infection, or metabolic imbalances. During a seizure, an individual may experience a variety of symptoms, including loss of consciousness, muscle convulsions or jerking, staring spells, confusion, and loss of memory. The duration and severity of seizures can vary greatly, depending on the underlying cause and individual characteristics. Seizures can be treated with medications to control the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and in some cases, surgical interventions may be considered. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know experiences a seizure, as it can be a serious medical condition that requires prompt treatment.

Self-Stimulatory Behavior (Stimming): Self-stimulatory behavior, also known as stimming, refers to repetitive or unusual movements or actions that are often seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disorders. Self-stimulatory behaviors may include hand flapping, rocking back and forth, spinning, tapping, or repeating words or phrases. These behaviors are often used as a way to regulate sensory input or to cope with anxiety or stress. While stimming is a common behavior in individuals with ASD, it can also be seen in typically developing individuals as well and can vary in severity and frequency. While some self-stimulatory behaviors may interfere with daily functioning or social interactions, others may be harmless and even helpful in facilitating comfort and concentration. Treatment for self-stimulatory behaviors may involve behavioral therapy, medication, or sensory integration strategies.

Sensory Integration Therapy: Sensory Integration Therapy is a type of occupational therapy that aims to help individuals with sensory processing disorders to improve their ability to process and respond to sensory information from the environment. Sensory processing is the way in which the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from various sources, such as sound, touch, taste, smell, and sight. Individuals with sensory processing disorders may have difficulty processing and responding to sensory information which can affect participation in daily sensory Integration Therapy involves the use of various sensory experiences, such as touch, movement, and visual and auditory stimulation, in a structured and controlled environment. The goal of therapy is to help the individual become more comfortable and confident in responding to sensory input and develop adaptive responses to sensory experiences. Sensory Integration Therapy may involve activities such as swinging, bouncing on a therapy ball, playing with textured materials, and participating in obstacle courses. The therapy is tailored to the individual's specific needs and can be adapted to different ages and levels of functioning. Sensory Integration Therapy is often used in conjunction with other therapies and interventions, such as behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, to provide a comprehensive approach to addressing sensory processing disorders.

Sensory Diet: A sensory diet is a personalized set of activities and strategies designed to help individuals with sensory processing disorders to regulate their sensory input throughout the day. Sensory processing refers to the way in which the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from various sources, such as sound, touch, taste, smell, and sight. Individuals with sensory processing disorders may have difficulty processing and responding to sensory information, which can affect their ability to participate in daily activities and routines.

A sensory diet typically includes a combination of activities that provide sensory input, such as swinging, bouncing on a therapy ball, using a weighted blanket, or engaging in deep-pressure activities. The activities are designed to provide the individual with the appropriate amount and type of sensory input needed to help them feel calm, alert, and focused. The type and amount of sensory input needed can vary depending on the individual's specific needs and preferences.

Sensory diets are typically developed by an occupational therapist or other trained professional and are to the individual's specific needs The therapist will work with the individual and their caregivers to identify specific sensory needs and develop a plan for incorporating sensory activities into their daily routines. Sensory diets can be used in a variety of settings, including home, school, and therapy sessions, and can be adapted over time as the individual's needs change.

Shift Nursing LPN/RN Services: Shift nursing LPN/RN services refer to the provision of nursing care by licensed practical nurses (LPNs) or registered nurses (RNs) during specified shifts. This type of nursing care is typically provided in a home care or community setting and is designed to meet the ongoing medical needs of individuals who require regular nursing support.

Splinter Skill: This is a skill that is extremely developed and typically is seen in people with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This is also known as a Savant skill. 

An example of someone with a skill like this is Stephen Wiltshire who can draw detailed pictures from memory.

Supported Employment: This is to support, help, and advocate for individuals with disabilities who are trying to enter the workforce and maintain their careers.

OneWell proudly provides this service along with many more for our participants. To learn more, click here

Syndrome: Multiple symptoms that arise together and lead to a diagnosis of a certain condition or disease. 

Tantrums: These are large outbursts that are typically caused by emotional distress like frustration. People with Intellectual and Developmental Disorders are often more likely to have tantrums. This can be for many reasons like stress due to others not understanding them, not being able to accomplish a goal, and others. 

It is important to note that having a tantrum or meltdown is not the same as being sensory overloaded. Typically a tantrum is about wanting something like wanting to do, get, or understand something or someone. A sensory overload or sensory meltdown is when there is too much sensory stimulation for them to process.

Tourette Syndrome: This is a condition that affects the nervous system causing people to have "tics" which are sudden movements or noises that a person can make repeatedly and unprovoked. The cause of Tourettes is unknown but is theorized to be a mix of genetic and environmental factors.

Visual Schedule: This is a schedule that uses graphics to represent the tasks that are scheduled for an easier understanding of the task. This can be very useful for individuals with a mental disability to assist in a better understanding of things such as chores or steps on how to do something. 

Verbal I.Q.:This is a scale to determine a person's acquired knowledge, verbal reasoning, and verbal materials. In simple terms, it measures a person's ability to listen and understand words/sentences and be able to understand and reply.

Vestibular System: This is the system in the body that communicates to the brain information about balance, motion, and the body's location in relation to current surroundings. 

Williams SYNDROME (WS): WS is a rare disorder that is similar to Down Syndrome a chromosomal disorder that affects people from birth. Unlike down Syndrome, WS occurs due to the lack of a chromosome leading to difficulties in cognitive development, being able to think and reason, etc.

Williams Syndrome (WS): WS is a rare disorder that is similar to Down Syndrome a chromosomal disorder that affects people from birth. Unlike down Syndrome, WS occurs due to the lack of a chromosome leading to difficulties in cognitive development, being able to think and reason, etc.

504 Plan: A 504 plan is a legal document created to provide accommodations and modifications to students with disabilities who require additional support to access their education. The plan is named after Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities that receive federal funding.

A 504 plan is designed to ensure that students with disabilities have equal access to education and includes accommodations that are reasonable and appropriate to the individual's needs. Accommodations may include modifications to the curriculum, such as time on tests or assignments, and preferred seating use of assistive technology.

The 504 plan is developed by a team of individuals, including the student's parents, teachers, and school administrators. The plan should be based on a thorough evaluation of the student's needs and should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis to ensure that it remains effective and relevant to the student's needs.

Unlike an Individualized Education Program (IEP), which is a more comprehensive plan for students with disabilities that includes specialized instruction and related services, a 504 plan does not require specialized instruction. However, it does provide students with disabilities with the necessary support to succeed in their educational environment.

Accessible: Something that can be used by everyone despite physical or mental disabilities. 

Adaptive Equipment: This is any tool that can be used to help with daily tasks, typically for those with long-term disabilities.

Alexithymia:  an inability to identify and describe emotions. People with alexithymia have difficulties recognizing and communicating their own emotions, and they also struggle to recognize and respond to emotions in others.

Articulation: This is the ability to produce sounds, syllables, and words to form understandable sentences. People with an articulation disorder typically cannot produce specific sounds or words which can result in difficulty to understand them. This can affect their ability to communicate, socialize, and often cause stress.

Apert Syndrome: The official name is Acrocephalosyndactyly, a genetic disorder that can cause the skull, hands, and bones of the feet to fuse, and have deformities in the skull or limbs. Once someone who is diagnosed with Apert Syndrome is past childhood and does not have a heart defect can have a near-normal life expectancy. Furthermore, not all people with this diagnosis have reduced IQ, but about 70% have a lower-than-average IQ score. 

Assistive Care: being assisted with daily activities such as but not limited to daily tasks, medication support, and health support.

Assistive Technology: Items that are used to improve the functional use of an item such as alternate controllers or specialized software for people with mental or physical disabilities.

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD): This is a condition that is typically found in childhood and continues into adult life. this mental condition causes difficulty with maintaining concentration with daily tasks or projects and sometimes presenting in hyperactive behavior. 

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects both children and adults. ADHD is characterized by symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity that can be disruptive and interfere with daily activities such as school, work, and social relationships.

Inattention symptoms may include difficulty staying focused on tasks, forgetfulness, and distractibility. Hyperactivity symptoms may include restlessness, fidgeting, and an inability to stay seated. Impulsivity symptoms may include interrupting others, difficulty waiting for one's turn, and acting without consequences is typically diagnosed into adulthood, with symptoms often varying in severity over time. The exact causes of ADHD are not yet fully understood, but it is thought to involve a combination of genetic and environmental factors.

Treatment for ADHD may include medication, behavioral therapy, and accommodations such as classroom modifications or workplace accommodations. With appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can learn to manage their symptoms and lead successful, fulfilling lives.

Auditory Memory: This is when people are able to recall things that are heard both long-term and short-term. Such as remembering people's names, phone numbers, multi-step instructions, etc. 

An auditory memory disorder is known as auditory processing disorder (APD). This is when the person has difficulty understanding certain sounds including spoken words.

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): ASD is a neurological and developmental disorder that is caused by many reasons. It affects a person's social skills, communication, learning, and behavior. Most cases are diagnosed at a young age however a diagnosis can come at any point in life. 

Autism is a large spectrum and not all people with the disability have the same symptoms ranging from low levels of support needed to high support needed.

Caregiver: A person who provides care to an individual that requires it to live a more productive daily life.

Cerebral Palsy: CP is a condition that is caused by damage to the brain before or after birth. This condition/disability impairs muscle coordination and can be identified by spasitic movements or paralysis. CP weakens the muscles over time and oftentimes can lead to the individual needing the assistance of a chair.

Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT): CBT will usually involve work to change a person's thinking pattern such as identifying problems and being aware of negative thoughts, setting goals, distinguishing between negative and realistic thoughts, etc.

Community Participation Supports (CPS): A service that assists the participant to be a part of the community by participating in activities that include people without disabilities and that are not caretakers/being paid.

Community Living Waiver (CLW): 

Companion Services: A service for participants who need assistance/supervision from someone for their health and safety.

Comorbidity: A patient who is diagnosed with two or more medical conditions at the same time. 

Ex: Down Syndrome and Diabetes

Consolidated Waiver: 

Convulsion: When there is a sudden movement of the body caused by the involuntary contraction of muscles. This is commonly seen in epilepsy disorders. 

Developmental Delay: When the development of a child slows, delays, stops, or reverses compared to other children's development. It can be noticed through the childs motor, cognitive, social, and emotional skills. 

Examples include Cerebral Palsy, Autism, Down Syndrome, Fetal Alcohol Syndrome, and more.

Developmental Disability: This can range among a number of conditions and impairs the physical, learning, language, or behavior/social areas of a person's life. Developmental disabilities range in severity to how it impacts everyday life throughout their lifetime and their level of independence.

Direct Support Professional (DSP): A trained individual who assist, support, and advocate for people with Intellectual or Developmental Disabilities in their daily life to be involved in their community and/or their employment.

Interested in becoming a direct support professional? Check out our careers here

Discrete Trial: This is a type of training that uses "discrete" methods to break down skills to be taught one by one like identifying colors and when the person (typically a child with IDD) identifies the correct color they are rewarded with something like a piece of candy but are not told that is what they are being rewarded for. 

Down Syndrome (DS): DS is a condition that is commonly caused by an extra copy of chromosome 21. The condition has both cognitive and physical traits. Physically the person has a flattened skull, pronounced folds of the skin in the inner corners of the eyes, a larger tongue, and shorter than average stature. The cognitive affects the person's social, practical, vocal, and more. 

Echolalia: This is the unnecessary repetition of words that were spoken by another person. This can be associated with a number of conditions/disabilities such as Autism, Intellectual Disability, Language Delays, Tourrettes, etc.

Epilepsy: Epilepsy is a disorder where a person has 2 or more unprovoked seizures rather than one single occurrence.

An epileptic episode happens when nerve cells in the brain become disrupted causing a seizure. Epileptic seizures can begin occurring for a number of reasons such as genetics, prior brain injury or infection, prenatal injuries, or developmental disorders.

Epilepsy varies in severity for each situation. It can be the typical seizing that is commonly what is imagined when a person is on the ground shaking without control of their body or as small as the person looking confused or staring at something that isn't there.

Signs that a seizure could be coming are: staring, jerking of the body, body stiffening, losing consciousness, issues breathing or stopping completely, Losing control of bowls/bladder, falling for no reason, unresponsive to surrounding noises for periods of time, confusion, nodding the head continuously when losing consciousness, rapid eye movement/blinking for periods of time.

Executive Function: This is our ability to plan, focus, remember/understand instructions, and work on more tasks at the same time without failing. 

Expressive Language: This is how people express how they are feeling. Children or adults with an intellectual and/or developmental disability can struggle to express their emotions which can lead to more frustration. One method that is used to help is an emotion chart with icons to physically see the emotion and connect it with their own.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FSD): A syndrome that is developed in the womb due to the mother ingesting alcohol while pregnant. This can stunt the mental and physical development of the child and present physical characteristics in the skull and face.

Fragile X Syndrome: a genetic disorder that is inherited in an X-linked dominant pattern resulting in a faulty gene on the X-chromosome. This leads to multiple possibilities like developmental delays, learning disabilities, intellectual disabilities, and other difficulties with social behavioral, and physical development. 

Fine Motor Skills: These skills are the movements of small muscles in places like the hands and wrists.

Gross Motor Skills: These are movements of bigger muscles like the arms, legs, or feet.

Hyperlexic: Hyperlexia is when children show advanced abilities that are beyond their age. 

Hypersensitivity: TO have a high sensitivity to certain textures, tastes, sounds, or substances/conditions. 

Hypertonia: To have an unusually high amount of muscle, tone, or tension in the body.

Hyposensitivity: To have a low sensitivity to textures, tastes, sounds, or substances/conditions. This typically also means the person typically does not react very much or at all to things that are stimulating to others. 

Imposter Syndrome: Imposter syndrome is a psychological phenomenon where individuals doubt their abilities and feel like they are frauds, even when they are actually skilled and competent. In the context of individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), imposter syndrome can manifest as feelings of inadequacy and a belief that they do not belong in certain settings or roles, despite evidence to the contrary.

Many individuals with IDD face societal stigma and negative stereotypes that can contribute to feelings of imposter syndrome. They may internalize these messages and believe that they are not capable of achieving their goals or being successful in certain areas of life. This can lead to low self-esteem, anxiety, and a lack of confidence in their abilities.

It is important to recognize and address imposter syndrome in individuals with IDD, as it can have negative impacts on their mental health and overall well-being. Strategies for addressing imposter syndrome may include building self-confidence through positive reinforcement and celebrating successes, providing support and mentorship, and challenging negative self-talk and limiting beliefs. By addressing imposter syndrome, individuals with IDD can learn to recognize their strengths and abilities and feel more confident pursuing their goals.

Inclusion: Being included/involved in an activity or group.

Individualized Education Plan (IED): This is a plan built around the individual's education to ensure they receive instruction that works for them and their relative disability.

In-Home Community Supports: This service provides participants with assistance in maintaining and improving skills needed to live a more independent and sustainable life.

Kernicterus: This is a condition that affects the blood due to high levels of bilirubin in a baby's blood. This can lead to the baby developing cerebral palsy, hearing loss, and sometimes intellectual disabilities.

Language and Speech Disorders: These disorders are typically present in the younger years of a child and are when a child has difficulty with things such as forming or stuttering words. In most cases, this can be corrected in childhood with speech therapy. 

Learning Disorders: Learning disorders are cognitive impairments that affect a child's ability to learn despite having normal or above-average intelligence. Some symptoms of learning disorders include difficulty telling right from left, reversing letters, words, or numbers after first or second grade, and trouble remembering how things are spelled.

Meltdowns: These typically occur when there is an increase in stress or anxiety which can cause the person to become more agitated and lead to an aggressive panic attack.

Mental Age: A person's mental age is the level of their intellectual development compared to others who are of the same age. 

Muscular Dystrophy: This is a condition that is passed through genetics and causes muscles to weaken and waste away over time. This happens in disorders such as cerebral palsy.

Neurodivergent: People who are neurodivergent have differing mental or neurological functions from what is considered typical or normal. They may be diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders.

Neurotypical: Not showing signs or characteristics of autism or other neurologically atypical patterns of thought or behavior.

Non-Verbal Communicative: Nonverbal communication refers to the ways in which beings convey information about their emotions, needs, intentions, attitudes, and thoughts without the use of verbal language.

Person/Family Directed Supports Waiver (P/FDS): 

Proprioception: Awareness of one's body position and movement is known as proprioception.

Prader-Willi: Prader-Willi syndrome is a rare genetic disorder characterized by a number of physical and mental problems. One symptom is extreme hunger which typically appears in children around the age of 2.

Phenylketonuria (PKU): A genetic disorder that is inherited, phenylketonuria (PKU), causes brain and nerve damage if untreated.

caused by an amino acid called phenylalanine building up in the body. It is caused by a change in the gene responsible for creating an enzyme that breaks down phenylalanine.

Receptive Language: Receptive language refers to how a child receives, decodes, and understands the language. Expressive language refers to how a child uses words to express himself/herself. Young children with language difficulties may have Poor eye contact; difficulty interacting with other children; and/or problems expressing themselves verbally.

Respite: Respite care provides short-term relief for family/primary caregivers of individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (IDD). Respite can be arranged for an afternoon or for several days or weeks. Care can be provided in the participant’s home, or in a host family home.

Rett's Disorder: Rett's disorder, also known as Rett syndrome, is a rare genetic neurological disorder that primarily affects females. It is caused by a mutation in the MECP2 gene, which leads to a disruption in brain function and development. The disorder typically develops between 6-18 months of age and is characterized by a regression in skills that were previously acquired, such as hand movements, communication, and social interaction. Other symptoms of Rett's disorder include breathing difficulties, seizures, scoliosis, and gastrointestinal problems. Individuals with Rett's, although may retain skills There is no cure for Rett's disorder, treatment may medication management, physical therapy, and supportive care to manage symptoms and improve quality of life.

Seizure: A seizure is a sudden, abnormal electrical discharge in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, sensations, or consciousness. Seizures can occur as a result of various factors, such as epilepsy, head injury, brain infection, or metabolic imbalances. During a seizure, an individual may experience a variety of symptoms, including loss of consciousness, muscle convulsions or jerking, staring spells, confusion, and loss of memory. The duration and severity of seizures can vary greatly, depending on the underlying cause and individual characteristics. Seizures can be treated with medications to control the abnormal electrical activity in the brain, and in some cases, surgical interventions may be considered. It is important to seek medical attention if you or someone you know experiences a seizure, as it can be a serious medical condition that requires prompt treatment.

Self-Stimulatory Behavior (Stimming): Self-stimulatory behavior, also known as stimming, refers to repetitive or unusual movements or actions that are often seen in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or other developmental disorders. Self-stimulatory behaviors may include hand flapping, rocking back and forth, spinning, tapping, or repeating words or phrases. These behaviors are often used as a way to regulate sensory input or to cope with anxiety or stress. While stimming is a common behavior in individuals with ASD, it can also be seen in typically developing individuals as well and can vary in severity and frequency. While some self-stimulatory behaviors may interfere with daily functioning or social interactions, others may be harmless and even helpful in facilitating comfort and concentration. Treatment for self-stimulatory behaviors may involve behavioral therapy, medication, or sensory integration strategies.

Sensory Integration Therapy: Sensory Integration Therapy is a type of occupational therapy that aims to help individuals with sensory processing disorders to improve their ability to process and respond to sensory information from the environment. Sensory processing is the way in which the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from various sources, such as sound, touch, taste, smell, and sight. Individuals with sensory processing disorders may have difficulty processing and responding to sensory information which can affect participation in daily sensory Integration Therapy involves the use of various sensory experiences, such as touch, movement, and visual and auditory stimulation, in a structured and controlled environment. The goal of therapy is to help the individual become more comfortable and confident in responding to sensory input and develop adaptive responses to sensory experiences. Sensory Integration Therapy may involve activities such as swinging, bouncing on a therapy ball, playing with textured materials, and participating in obstacle courses. The therapy is tailored to the individual's specific needs and can be adapted to different ages and levels of functioning. Sensory Integration Therapy is often used in conjunction with other therapies and interventions, such as behavioral therapy, speech therapy, and occupational therapy, to provide a comprehensive approach to addressing sensory processing disorders.

Sensory Diet: A sensory diet is a personalized set of activities and strategies designed to help individuals with sensory processing disorders to regulate their sensory input throughout the day. Sensory processing refers to the way in which the brain receives, interprets, and responds to sensory information from various sources, such as sound, touch, taste, smell, and sight. Individuals with sensory processing disorders may have difficulty processing and responding to sensory information, which can affect their ability to participate in daily activities and routines.

A sensory diet typically includes a combination of activities that provide sensory input, such as swinging, bouncing on a therapy ball, using a weighted blanket, or engaging in deep-pressure activities. The activities are designed to provide the individual with the appropriate amount and type of sensory input needed to help them feel calm, alert, and focused. The type and amount of sensory input needed can vary depending on the individual's specific needs and preferences.

Sensory diets are typically developed by an occupational therapist or other trained professional and are to the individual's specific needs The therapist will work with the individual and their caregivers to identify specific sensory needs and develop a plan for incorporating sensory activities into their daily routines. Sensory diets can be used in a variety of settings, including home, school, and therapy sessions, and can be adapted over time as the individual's needs change.

Shift Nursing LPN/RN Services: Shift nursing LPN/RN services refer to the provision of nursing care by licensed practical nurses (LPNs) or registered nurses (RNs) during specified shifts. This type of nursing care is typically provided in a home care or community setting and is designed to meet the ongoing medical needs of individuals who require regular nursing support.

Splinter Skill: This is a skill that is extremely developed and typically is seen in people with Autism Spectrum Disorders. This is also known as a Savant skill. 

An example of someone with a skill like this is Stephen Wiltshire who can draw detailed pictures from memory.

Supported Employment: This is to support, help, and advocate for individuals with disabilities who are trying to enter the workforce and maintain their careers.

OneWell proudly provides this service along with many more for our participants. To learn more, click here

Syndrome: Multiple symptoms that arise together and lead to a diagnosis of a certain condition or disease. 

Tantrums: These are large outbursts that are typically caused by emotional distress like frustration. People with Intellectual and Developmental Disorders are often more likely to have tantrums. This can be for many reasons like stress due to others not understanding them, not being able to accomplish a goal, and others. 

It is important to note that having a tantrum or meltdown is not the same as being sensory overloaded. Typically a tantrum is about wanting something like wanting to do, get, or understand something or someone. A sensory overload or sensory meltdown is when there is too much sensory stimulation for them to process.

Tourette Syndrome: This is a condition that affects the nervous system causing people to have "tics" which are sudden movements or noises that a person can make repeatedly and unprovoked. The cause of Tourettes is unknown but is theorized to be a mix of genetic and environmental factors.

Visual Schedule: This is a schedule that uses graphics to represent the tasks that are scheduled for an easier understanding of the task. This can be very useful for individuals with a mental disability to assist in a better understanding of things such as chores or steps on how to do something. 

Verbal I.Q.:This is a scale to determine a person's acquired knowledge, verbal reasoning, and verbal materials. In simple terms, it measures a person's ability to listen and understand words/sentences and be able to understand and reply.

Vestibular System: This is the system in the body that communicates to the brain information about balance, motion, and the body's location in relation to current surroundings. 

Williams SYNDROME (WS): WS is a rare disorder that is similar to Down Syndrome a chromosomal disorder that affects people from birth. Unlike down Syndrome, WS occurs due to the lack of a chromosome leading to difficulties in cognitive development, being able to think and reason, etc.

504 Plan: A 504 plan is a legal document created to provide accommodations and modifications to students with disabilities who require additional support to access their education. The plan is named after Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, which prohibits discrimination on the basis of disability in programs and activities that receive federal funding.

A 504 plan is designed to ensure that students with disabilities have equal access to education and includes accommodations that are reasonable and appropriate to the individual's needs. Accommodations may include modifications to the curriculum, such as time on tests or assignments, and preferred seating use of assistive technology.

The 504 plan is developed by a team of individuals, including the student's parents, teachers, and school administrators. The plan should be based on a thorough evaluation of the student's needs and should be reviewed and updated on a regular basis to ensure that it remains effective and relevant to the student's needs.

Unlike an Individualized Education Program (IEP), which is a more comprehensive plan for students with disabilities that includes specialized instruction and related services, a 504 plan does not require specialized instruction. However, it does provide students with disabilities with the necessary support to succeed in their educational environment.

AAW - Adult Autism Waiver

AAIDD - American Association of Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ABA - Applied Behavioral Analysis

ACAP - Adult Community Autism Program

ADA - Americans with Disabilities Act

ADL - Activities of Daily Living

APC - Approved Program Capacity

APS - Adult Protective Services

APSE - Association of People Supporting Employment First

AS - Aspergers Syndrome

ASD - Autism Spectrum Disorder

ASERT - Autism Services, Education, Resources, and Training (Collaborative)

ASL - American Sign Language

AT - Assistive Technology

BFS - Base-Funded Services

BHA - Bureau of Hearings and Appeals

BH MCO - Behavioral Health Managed Care Organization

BS - Behavioral Specialist

BSASP - Bureau of Support for Autism and Special Populations

BSP - Behavior Support Plan

CBT - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy

CDI - Certified Deaf Interpreter

CDS - College of Direct Support

CES - College of Employment Services

CESP - Certified Employment Support Professional

CHC - Community Health Choices

CLA - Community Living Arrangement

CLS - Certified and Licensing System

CLW - Community Living Waiver

CMC - Children with Medical Complexities

CMS - Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services

COMPASS - Commonwealth of Pennsylvania Application for Social Services

CPS - Community Participation Support

CPS - Child Protective Services

CW - Consolidated Waiver

DD - Developmental Disability or Dual Diagnosis

DDTT - Dual Diagnosis Treatment Team

DHHDB - Deaf, Hard of Hearing, DeafBlind

DHS - Department of Human Services

DOH - Department of Health

DRP - Disability Rights Pennsylvania

DSP - Direct Support Professional

ECM - Enterprise Case Management

ECS - Enhanced Communication Services

FAI - Functional Assessment Interview

FAST - Functional Assessment Screening Tool

FBA - Functional Behavioral Assessment

FEA - Functional Eligibility Assessment

HCBS - Home and Community-Based Services

HCL - Health Care Level

HCQU - Health Care Quality Unit

HCSIS - Home and Community Services Information System

HRST - Health Risk Screening Tool

HSRI - Human Services Research Institute

ICF/ID - Intermediate Care Facility/Intellectual Disability

ICF/IDD - Intermediate Care Facility/Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ID - Intellectual Disability

IDD - Intellectual Developmental Disability

ID/A - Intellectual Disability and Autism

IDEA - Individuals with Disabilities Education Act

IOD - Institutes on Disabilities

ISP - Individual Support Plan

LOC - Level of Care

MA - Medical Assistance

MAWD - Medical Assistance for Workers with Disabilities

MCO - Managed Care Organization

MH/DD - Mental Health/ Developmental Disabilities

MH/ID - Mental Health/ Intellectual Disabilities

NADD - National Association for the Dually Diagnosed

NASDDDS - National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services

NL - Needs Level

NG - Needs Group

ODEP - Office of Disability Employment Policy

PADDC - Pennsylvania Developmental Disabilities Council

P/FDS - Person/Family Directed Support Waiver

PADES - Pennsylvania Disability Employment and Empowerment Summit

PATC - Pennsylvania Autism Training Conference

PBS - Positive Behavioral Support

PCP - Person-Centered Planning

PCT - Person-Centered Thinking

PDD - Pervasive Developmental Disorder

PDE - Pennsylvania Department of Education

PDS - Participant-Directed Services

SC - Supports Coordinator

SCO - Supports Coordinator Organization

SPU - Special Populations Unit

SSDI - Social Security Disability Income

TBI - Traumatic Brain Injury